Lesson 7 — ¿Qué hora es?

Vocabulary
Luego     Then
Salgo       I leave

Dialogue

Raúl: ¡Hola Sofía! ¿Qué hora es?
Sofía: Son las ocho y cuarto.
Raúl: Gracias. ¿Qué haces normalmente por la mañana?
Sofía: Me levanto a las siete. Luego, me ducho y tomo mi desayuno. Normalmente, salgo a las ocho.
Raúl: Ah, vale. Así, ¿cuándo almuerzas?
Sofía: Suelo almorzar a la una.
Raúl: Claro. ¡Adiós!
Sofía: ¡Hasta luego! http://es.veduchina.com/

Telling the time
Telling the time is easy in Spanish, and very similar to English. You use this construction:

Son las [hours] y [minutes] http://es.veduchina.com/
So, Son las tres y veinte would mean "It's twenty past three". To ask the time, you just use the question ¿Qué hora es? (literally: "What hour is it?"). However, this only works for times up to half-past the hour. How do you say "It's twenty to three", I hear you cry? For this, you have to use menos (meaning "less") instead of y (Son las cuatro menos diez means "It's ten to four"; you can also use para instead menos, usingo the same order you use in English.

Other typical time-telling phrases are depicted in the table below.

 Notes
If there aren't any minutes, just say son las cinco ("It's 5 o'clock") or son las once ("It's 11 o'clock"). If you want, you can also say en punto to mean "o'clock".
Remember: son means "they are", so son las... only works for numbers greater than one. To say "it's one o'clock", you have to say Es la una (or es la una en punto).

Examples
Son las ocho
It's 8 o'clock
Son las nueve y media
It's half-past nine
Son las seis menos cuarto/es un cuarto para las seis
It's quarter-to six
Son las dos y veinte de la mañana
It's 2:20 a.m.

When?
So, you now know how to tell the time in Spanish. Now let's use it to describe when something happens. To do this, you use a las followed by the time as described above (a las tres means "at 3 o'clock"). But what if you don't know a specific time? What about just "In the evening"? Just use por la, followed by one of the entries in the table (por la noche means "at night"):

Notes
Since it's always "por la", this means that these times-of-day are all feminine.

Examples
A las ocho de la mañana, tomo mi desayuno.
At 8:00am, I eat breakfast.
Por la tarde, le gusta ver la tele.
In the evening, He likes watching TV.
Por la noche, les gusta mucho beber leche.
At night, they love drinking milk. http://es.veduchina.com/

Time-related Adverbs
It's all very well knowing how to say that you do things at a particular time, but what about more habitual actions? What do you do usually? Normally? Sometimes?

Notes
You should notice that all the words ending in "ly" in English end in mente in Spanish. To turn an adjective into an adverb: take the feminine form of the adjective, then add mente.
Thus, normal, raro, ocasional and usual are all adjectives.
Also, ruidosamente, tranquilamente, etc, are adverbs (you met tranquilo and ruidoso in lesson 4...)
Soler is a UE stem-changing verb (suelo, sueles, suele, solemos, soléis, suelen), and it is followed by the infinitive (Suelo comer queso con pan, meaning "I usually eat cheese with bread").

Examples
A veces, bebemos vino tinto, pero nunca vino blanco.
Sometimes, we drink red wine, but never white wine.
Suelo vivir en pisos; vivir en una casa es muy difícil.
I usually live in flats; living in a house is really difficult.
De vez en cuando, juego al ajedrez, pero usualmente, practico judo.
Sometimes, I play chess, but usually I do judo. http://es.veduchina.com/
Normalmente a las cinco de la tarde, juego al fútbol.
Normally at 5pm, I play football/soccer.

Reflexive verbs
Reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject and object are the same. "To wash oneself" or "to get oneself up". In Spanish, we do this by using a reflexive pronoun before the verb. We've already met these relfexive pronouns, along with a reflexive verb in the first lesson: llamarse ("to call oneself"). So, here are the reflexive pronouns:

So, now that you know how to conjugate them, it'd be useful to give you some examples:

Notes
These are very similar to the indirect object pronouns used with gustar. Make sure you don't get them mixed up.
When in the infinitive, the reflexive pronoun goes on the end of the verb as a suffix. For example, me gusta ducharme means "I like showering".

Examples
Por la mañana, me maquillo y me peino.
In the morning, I put my make-up on and comb my hair.
¿Cuándo te bañas?
When do you bathe?
A las ocho de la mañana, nos levantamos.
At 8am, we get up.
Nunca nos bañamos por la mañana; nos gusta ducharnos.
We never have a bath in the morning; we like to have a shower.
Me encanta bañarme por la noche - es muy tranquilo.
I love having a bath in the evening - it's very quiet.
Ocasionalmente, se ducha por la mañana, pero usualmente, le gusta bañarse por la tarde.
Ocassionally, he showers in the morning, but usually, he likes to have a bath in the afternoon.
A las nueve de la tarde, me gusta mucho relajarme. Normalmente, bebo vino.
At 9pm, I like to relax. Normally, I drink wine.

Summary
In this lesson, you have learnt

How to ask for the time (¿Qué hora es?)
How to tell the time (Son las cuatro y media; es la una menos cuarto)
How to say the times of the day (por la manana; tarde; a las tres y diez)
Various adverbs (ocasionalmente; normalmente; de vez en cuando; a menudo)
How to use reflexive verbs (me baño; te relajas; se ducha; nos lavamos; os lavantáis; se maquillan)

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